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Present Participles as Adjectives


I'm still not done talking about adjectives in German. There is so much to be said with the wonderful ways that adjectives can add flair to your everyday speech. Today I tackled the topic of using present participles as adjectives in German. If you want the 3 Minuten Deutsch version, you can watch the video below. If you want more than that or an English explanation of the topic, you can scroll beyond the video for that. If you want to test your skills with this topic, you can find a worksheet on my Patreon page if you support my work for at least $5 each month.

If you want to read the video transcript instead, you can find that below the video and additional information. If you want to download the script as a side-by-side file with German and English next to each other or get an MP3 download of this, you can get that by supporting my work on Patreon. By supporting my work, you also get access to the worksheets I create for each video.


What is a present participle?

Let's start off with what this even means. In English it is very difficult to tell the difference between a present participle, a gerund, and an infinitive. Gerunds and present participles in English are both versions of verbs that end with -ing. A gerund is a verb used as a noun. In English they look the same as the present participle. In German, they are capitalized. Distinction 1 made. An infinitive in English is usually preceded by the word "to" and is the base form of the verb before any changes are made to make it fit with the subject of the sentence and the tense in which it is used. In German it is simply the form of the verb that you will find in a dictionary. Most of the time this means it is the form that ends with -en.

In both English and German present participles can be used as adjectives to describe something that is currently doing an action in addition to the main verb. In English this is done with an -ing version of the verb. In the German version, we simply add "d" to the end of the infinitive.

Infinitive - Present Participle

stehen - stehend

to stand - standing

Examples

Der Mann steht auf der Bühne. Der Mann singt ein Lied. - The man is standing on the stage. The man is singing a song.

Der stehende Mann singt ein Lied. - The standing man is singing a song.

In this example we start with two sentences that describe what the man is doing. He is standing on the stage and singing a song. He is doing both of these things at the same time. In the second part, we see that the first verb "steht" has been returned to the infinitive form "stehen", we added "d" to make it a present participle, and then we added "e" to make it fit with the case and gender of the noun it describes (nominative, masculine). If we wanted to be more specific, we could use the entire first sentence as a clause that describes the man, which is something we can't do in English. In order to do this, the sentence would look like this.

Der auf der Bühne stehende Mann singt ein Lied. - The on the stage standing man is singing a song.

As you can see, the English version doesn't really sound right, but the German version is perfectly correct. Keep in mind that when we use a clause like that, the verb has to stand at the end of the clause.

In case it may have been confusing in the video, you can use these types of clauses when they aren't the subject of the sentence.

Die Katze liegt auf dem Boden. Ich mag die Katze. - The cat is lying on the floor. I like the cat.

Ich mag die auf dem Boden liegende Katze. - I like the on the floor lying cat.

Die sitzende Katze spielt mit dem auf dem Boden liegenden Katze. - The sitting cat is playing with the on the floor lying cat.

Der Pelz der auf dem Boden liegende Katze ist grau. - The fur of the on the floor lying cat is grey.

I hope this helps to clear up any issues you may have had with this topic. Now go over to my Patreon page and get your worksheet to test your skills with this.

Video Transcript

Hallo und willkommen zum vierundsechzigsten Video von 3 Minuten Deutsch. In den kommenden drei Minuten werde ich euch beibringen, wie man ein Partizip Präsens (auch bekannt als “Partizip 1”) als Adjektiv verwenden kann. Es gibt auch mehr auf meiner Webseite und meiner Patreon-Seite, wenn ihr mehr als 3 Minuten wollt.

Letzte Woche habe ich gesagt, dass man ein Adjektiv aus einem Partizip Perfekt bilden kann. Ein Partizip Perfekt heißt auch Partizip 2. Meiner Meinung nach ist das Partizip 2 eines Verbes weiter bekannt als das Partizip 1 eines Verbes. Das Partizip 1 ist aber leichter zu formulieren. Wir beginnen mit einem Infinitiv. Dann fügt man ein “D” dazu hinzu. Dieses Adjektiv zeigt eine Gleichzeitigkeit. Man kann das auch ohne ein Substantiv verwenden. Zum Beispiel:

Das Kind sitzt vor der Tür und lacht. - The child is sitting in front of the door and laughing.

Das Kind sitzt lachend vor der Tür. - The child is sitting laughing in front of the door.

Um das Adjektiv mit einem Substantiv zu verwenden, müssen wir nur eine Endung dazu hinzufügen und das Adjektiv zwischen den Artikel und das Substantiv stellen.

Das lachende Kind sitzt vor der Tür. - The laughing child is sitting in front of the door.

Ich glaube wir brauchen mehr Beispiele.

Der Mann steht im Bus und spricht dabei am Handy. - The man is standing in the bus while talking on the cell phone.

Der stehende Mann spricht am Handy. - The standing man is talking on the cell phone.

Der sprechende Mann steht im Bus. - The talking man is standing on the bus.

Man kann auch den ganzen Satzteil als Adjektiv verwenden.

Der am Handy sprechende Mann steht im Bus. - The man that is talking on the phone is standing on the bus. (The on the cell phone talking man is standing in the bus.)

Der im Bus stehende Mann spricht am Handy. - The man that is standing in the bus is talking on the cell phone. (The in the bus standing man is talking on the cell phone.)

Diese Sätze müssen nicht im Präsens geschrieben werden. Es ist nur wichtig, dass die zwei Verben eine Gleichzeitigkeit zeigen.

Der Mann stand im Bus und sprach dabei am Handy. - The man stood in the bus and spoke on the cell phone.

Der stehende Mann sprach am Handy. - The standing man spoke on the cell phone.

Der sprechende Mann stand im Bus. - The speaking man stood in the bus.

Die Frau läuft aus dem Geschäft und fällt auf den Boden. - The woman is running out of the store and falls to the ground.

Die laufende Frau fällt auf den Boden. - The running woman falls to the ground.

Obwohl man solche Adjektive nicht so oft braucht, sind sie ganz leicht zu bilden.

Wenn man mehr über diese Thema will, kann man mein Blog lesen oder diesen Kanal auf Patreon unterstützen.

Das ist alles für heute. Danke fürs Zuschauen. Bis zum nächsten Mal. Tschüss.

Check out more 3 Minuten Deutsch below.





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Herr Antrim is a German teacher with over 10 years of teaching experience. In 2011 he started his successful YouTube Channel "Learn German with Herr Antrim". In 2013 he created this website to enhance the German language lessons he was providing on YouTube. He is now the author of his own e-book, "Beginner German with Herr Antrim". He has also been featured on numerous blogs and other sites. Find out more about Herr Antrim

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