In this week's episode of 3 Minuten Deutsch, I talked about the dative pronouns. It also served as a general review of how to use the dative case in general. You can see the video below or just keep scrolling to read more about the dative pronouns. If you want to see the sentences that were used in the video without having to pause the video, you can see them below the video.
As with any list of pronouns, I like to give the chart so that you can have a frame of reference to understand what these pronouns mean and how they compare across the cases. The chart below is the last chart like this that you will need. It includes the pronouns for all three cases that use pronouns. The genitive case does use demonstrative pronouns, but there aren't really genitive personal pronouns. Some consider the possessive articles like "mein", "dein", etc. to be genitive pronouns, but I usually leave them off and teach them as if they were indefinite articles. At any rate, here is the chart.
As mentioned in the video, dative pronouns can be used pretty much any place where a dative noun would be used, but you want to use a pronoun instead. With that in mind, let's review how to use the dative case in general while using these pronouns.
Was gibst du mir, wenn ich dir das Stroh zu Gold spinne? - What will you give me, if I spin you the straw to gold?
This example is a line from the Grimm Märchen "Rumpelstilzchen" and covers two of the dative pronouns. Conveniently, they are the first two on the chart. In this sentence, both are being used as indirect objects. In the first clause, the subject is "du", as "you" are the one giving something. That is why "du" is in the nominative case and why "gibst" is conjugated in the way that it is. The thing being given is the question word "was" (what). That makes it the direct object and accusative. The one receiving the "was" in this sentence, is "mir" (me), which makes it the indirect object and dative. The second half of the sentence has the subject of "ich" (I), which is nominative and explains why the verb "spinne" (spin) is conjugated as it is. The thing being spun is "das Stroh" (the straw), which makes that the direct object and accusative. The one for whom the straw is being spun is the indirect object and is dative. In this part of the sentence it is "dir" (you).
For more examples of how to use indirect objects, you can check out my full blog post about that here.
Ich werde ihm helfen. - I will help him.
This example is simple and to the point. The subject is "ich" (I). The conjugated verb is "werden", which is being used to form the future tense. The other verb is "helfen" (help), which is a dative verb. The one being helped would normally be a direct object, but because the direct object in this sentence is the object of a dative verb, the object is automatically dative. In this sentence the object is "ihm" (him).
For more examples of how to use dative verbs, you can check out my full blog post about that here.
Er bekommt nie Briefe von ihnen. - He never gets letters from them.
This example uses the dative preposition "von". The rest of the sentence is irrelevant for the purposes of this blog. The only thing that matters is that the object after the preposition is dative, which in this case is "ihnen" (them). If you want to go through all of the steps we did before, it would be done as follows. "Er" is the subject and nominative, because "he" is the one receiving something. The things being received are the "letters". That makes them the direct object and accusative.
Of course, I have more information about the dative prepositions in more detail on my blog post about the dative prepositions here.
What's next?
Next week's episode of 3 Minuten Deutsch will also be about dative pronouns, but will be focusing on where to put the direct and indirect objects in a sentence based on whether or not they are nouns or pronouns.
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